Chapter 1.1 - Ifihan
Nipa MikroTik
MikroTik jẹ ile-iṣẹ ti o da ni 1996 ni Riga, olu-ilu Latvia, ti a ṣẹda lati ṣe agbekalẹ awọn onimọ-ọna ati awọn ọna ẹrọ alailowaya fun Awọn Olupese Iṣẹ Ayelujara (ISP - Olupese Iṣẹ Ayelujara).
Ni 1997 MikroTik ṣẹda eto sọfitiwia RouterOS ti o pese iduroṣinṣin, iṣakoso ati irọrun fun gbogbo iru data ati awọn atọkun ipa-ọna.
Ni ọdun 2002 MikroTik pinnu lati ṣe ohun elo tirẹ ati nitorinaa a bi RouterBOARD. MikroTik ni awọn olupin kaakiri ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ẹya agbaye, ati awọn alabara boya ni gbogbo orilẹ-ede ti o wa lori aye.
Kini RouterOS?
MikroTik RouterOS jẹ ẹrọ ṣiṣe ti ohun elo MikroTik RouterBOARD, eyiti o ni awọn ẹya pataki fun ISP: Firewall, Router, MPLS, VPN, Alailowaya, HotSpot, Didara Iṣẹ (QoS), ati bẹbẹ lọ.
RouterOS jẹ ẹrọ ṣiṣe adaduro ti o da lori kernel Linux v3.3.5 ti o pese gbogbo awọn ẹya ni fifi sori iyara ati irọrun, pẹlu wiwo irọrun-lati-lo.
RouterOS le fi sori ẹrọ lori awọn PC ati awọn ẹrọ ohun elo ibaramu x86 miiran, gẹgẹbi awọn kaadi ifibọ ati awọn eto miniITX. RouterOS ṣe atilẹyin awọn kọnputa pupọ ati ọpọlọpọ CPU. O tun ṣe atilẹyin Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP: Symmetric MultiProcessing). O le ṣiṣẹ lori awọn modaboudu Intel tuntun ati lo anfani ti awọn CPUs multicore tuntun.
Symmetric Multiprocessing
O jẹ sọfitiwia ati faaji Hardware nibiti awọn olutọsọna aami meji tabi diẹ sii ti sopọ si iranti kan ti o pin, ni iraye si gbogbo awọn ẹrọ I/O (igbewọle ati iṣelọpọ), ati eyiti o jẹ iṣakoso nipasẹ apẹẹrẹ kan ti OS (Eto Ṣiṣẹ). , ninu eyiti gbogbo awọn ero isise ti wa ni deede, laisi eyikeyi ti o wa ni ipamọ fun awọn idi pataki.
Ninu ọran ti awọn olutọsọna-ọpọ-mojuto, faaji SMP ti lo si awọn ohun kohun, ṣe itọju wọn bi awọn olutọpa lọtọ.
RouterOS yoo ṣe ọna kika ipin ati di ẹrọ ẹrọ aiyipada ẹrọ. Ṣe atilẹyin ọpọlọpọ awọn atọkun nẹtiwọọki pupọ, pẹlu awọn kaadi Gigabit Ethernet 10, 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ad awọn kaadi alailowaya, ati awọn modems 3G ati 4G.
Awọn ọjọ idasilẹ ti awọn ẹya RouterOS
- v6 – Oṣu Karun ọdun 2013
- v5 – Oṣu Kẹta ọdun 2010
- v4 – Oṣu Kẹwa ọdun 2009
- v3 – Oṣu Kẹta ọdun 2008
RouterOS Ẹya
Hardware Support
- Ni ibamu pẹlu i386 faaji
- Ṣe atilẹyin SMP (ọpọ-mojuto ati ọpọlọpọ-CPU)
- Nbeere o kere ju 32MB ti Ramu (ṣe idanimọ to 2GB ti o pọju, ayafi lori awọn ẹrọ Cloud Core, nibiti ko si o pọju)
- Ṣe atilẹyin IDE, SATA, USB ati media ipamọ filasi, pẹlu aaye ti o kere ju 64MB. Pẹlu HDDs, CF ati awọn kaadi SD, ati awọn disiki SDD
- Awọn kaadi nẹtiwọki ni atilẹyin nipasẹ Linux ekuro v3.3.5 (PCI, PCI-X)
- Yipada Atilẹyin Iṣeto Chip:
- Ibamu ti o yatọ si orisi ti awọn atọkun ati awọn ẹrọ. Atokọ ibamu wa ti a pese nipasẹ awọn olumulo ni ọna asopọ atẹle:
Fifi sori
- Netfi sori ẹrọ: Fifi sori ẹrọ orisun nẹtiwọki lati PXE tabi kaadi nẹtiwọọki EtherBoot ti o ṣiṣẹ.
- Netinstall: Fifi sori wakọ keji ti a gbe sori Windows
- CD-orisun fifi sori
Eto
- Wiwọle orisun MAC fun iṣeto ni ibẹrẹ.
- WinBox - Awọn irinṣẹ iṣeto ayaworan Standalone (GUI) fun Windows.
- WebFigure: To ti ni ilọsiwaju ayelujara-orisun iṣeto ni wiwo
- Ni wiwo iṣeto ti o da lori Laini Aṣẹ Alagbara (CLI) pẹlu awọn agbara iwe afọwọkọ ti a ṣepọ, wiwọle nipasẹ ebute agbegbe, console tẹlentẹle, telnet ati ssh.
- API: Ọna kan lati ṣẹda awọn atunto tirẹ ati awọn ohun elo ibojuwo.
Afẹyinti ati Mu pada
- Afẹyinti iṣeto ni alakomeji
- Gbejade ati gbe wọle Eto ni kika ọrọ kika
ogiriina
- Sisẹ ti o da lori ipo apo-iwe (sisẹ Statefulll)
- Orisun NAT and Destination NAT.
- Awọn oluranlọwọ NAT (h323, pptp, quake3, sip, ftp, irc, tftp).
- Awọn ami inu: ami-asopọ, ami-itọpa ati ami-packet
- Sisẹ ti o da lori adiresi IP ati ibiti adiresi, ibudo ati ibiti ibudo, Ilana IP, DSCP ati ọpọlọpọ diẹ sii.
- Awọn akojọ adirẹsi (awọn akojọ adirẹsi).
- Aṣa Layer 7 Ajọ.
- Atilẹyin fun IPv6.
- PCC: classifier orisun asopọ, ti a lo ninu awọn atunto iwọntunwọnsi fifuye.
Ipa ọna
- Aimi afisona
- Foju afisona ati Ndari (VRF).
- Afihan orisun afisona
- Ni wiwo afisona.
- ECMP ipa ọna.
- Awọn ilana ipa ọna IPv4 ti o ni agbara: RIP v1/v2, OSPFv2, BGP v4
- IPv6 ìmúdàgba afisona Ilana: RIPng, OSPFv3, BGP
- Iwari Iwaju Ilọsiwaju Bidirectional (BFD).
MPLS
- Awọn isopọ Aami Aami aimi fun IPv4
- Ilana Pipin Aami fun IPv4.
- RSVP Traffic Engineering Tunnels.
- MP-BGP VPLS-orisun auto-Awari ati ifihan agbara
- MP-BGP da lori MPLS IP VPN
- Ni ọna asopọ atẹle o le ṣe atunyẹwo atokọ pipe ti awọn ẹya MPLS
VPN
- IPsec: oju eefin ati ipo gbigbe, ijẹrisi tabi PSK, AH ati awọn ilana aabo ESP. Atilẹyin fifi ẹnọ kọ nkan hardware lori RouterBOARD 1000.
- Tọka si Tunneling (OpenVPN, PPTP, PPPoE, L2TP, SSTP)
- Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ PPP To ti ni ilọsiwaju (MLPPP, BCP)
- Atilẹyin fun awọn tunnels ti o rọrun (IPIP, EoIP) IPv4 ati IPv6
- Atilẹyin fun eefin 6to4 (IPv6 lori nẹtiwọki IPv4)
- VLAN: Atilẹyin fun IEEE802.1q Foju LAN, Atilẹyin Q-in-Q.
- Awọn VPN ti o da lori MPLS.
alailowaya
- IEEE802.11a/b/g Alailowaya Client ati Access Point
- Atilẹyin ni kikun fun IEEE802.11n
- Awọn ilana Nstreme ati Nstreme2
- Ilana NV2.
- Eto Pipin Alailowaya (WDS)
- AP foju
- WEP, WPA, WPA2
- Access Akojọ Iṣakoso
- Alailowaya onibara lilọ kiri
- WMM.
- HWMP+ Alailowaya MESH Ilana.
- Ilana ipa-ọna alailowaya MME.
DHCP
- DHCP olupin fun wiwo
- DHCP ose ati yii
- Aimi ati ìmúdàgba DHCP IP adirẹsi yiyalo
- RADIUS atilẹyin
- Awọn aṣayan Aṣa DHCP
- DHCPv6 Aṣoju Ipilẹṣẹ (DHCPv6-PD)
- DHCPv6 onibara
hotspot
- Plug-n-Play wiwọle si nẹtiwọki
- Ijeri ti agbegbe nẹtiwọki ibara
- Iṣiro olumulo
- Atilẹyin RADIUS fun Ijeri ati Iṣiro
QoS
- Bucket Tokini Hierarchical (HTB) Eto QoS pẹlu CIR, MIR, nwaye ati atilẹyin ayo.
- Awọn ila ti o rọrun fun imuse QoS ipilẹ fun ojutu iyara ati irọrun
- Ifijiṣẹ dọgbadọgba ti bandiwidi si alabara ni agbara (PCQ).
aṣoju
- Olupin aṣoju fun caching HTTP
- HTTP Transparent aṣoju
- SOCKS atilẹyin ilana.
- Awọn titẹ sii DNS aimi.
- Atilẹyin fun caching lori kọnputa lọtọ
- Atilẹyin Aṣoju obi
- Wiwọle Iṣakoso Akojọ
- Akojọ caching
irinṣẹ
- Ping, traceroute
- Idanwo bandiwidi, iṣan omi ping
- Packet sniffer, ògùṣọ
- Telnet, ssh
- Imeeli ati SMS fifiranṣẹ awọn irinṣẹ
- Awọn Irinṣẹ Ipaniyan Afọwọkọ Aifọwọyi
CALEA. - Faili Fa Ọpa.
- To ti ni ilọsiwaju ijabọ monomono
Awọn ẹya afikun
- Samba atilẹyin.
- Atilẹyin fun OpenFlow.
- Asopọmọra: Ilana ilana igi (STP, RSTP), ogiriina afara ati MAC natting.
- Ọpa Imudojuiwọn DNS Yiyi
- Onibara NTP / olupin ati amuṣiṣẹpọ pẹlu eto GPS.
- Atilẹyin fun VRRP v2 ati v3.
- SNMP
- M3P: MikroTik Packet Packer Protocol fun Alailowaya ati awọn ọna asopọ Ethernet
- MNDP: Ilana wiwa aladugbo MikroTik, ṣe atilẹyin CDP (ilana wiwa Cisco)
- RADIUS Ijeri ati Iṣiro
- olupin TFTP.
- Asynchronous: Tẹlentẹle PPP titẹ-ni/kiakia-jade, tẹ lori ibeere
- ISDN: titẹ-in/kiakia-jade, atilẹyin fun lapapo 128K, Sisiko HDLC, x75i, x75ui, awọn ilana laini x75bui, tẹ lori ibeere
- Pin yi Abala
